The 12 Factor app
The 12 Factor app is a methodology to build cloud native applications.
As the name suggests, there are 12 factors.
Codebase - Maintain a single source of truth. Single repo for same app.
Dependencies - Use dependency managers (PIP for python, Nuget for .NET)
Config - Use environment variables, do not commit config files in source control
Backend services - DB/Cache/Messaging queue should be external services
Build-Release-Run - Build stage compiles code, Release stage combine release artifacts, Run stage executes app
Processes - Keep application stateless. Save sessions in db/cache
Port Bindings - Self contained app should listen on a port.
Concurrency - scale by running multiple instances (horizontal scale instead of vertical scale)
Disposability - app should start quickly and shut down gracefully.
Dev/Prod Parity - Developers should use similar environments in dev and prod
Logs - Write logs to stdout instead of files. Use centralized logging system (ELK)
Admin processes - DB migrations or maintenance script as separate tasks.
15 Factor
https://developer.ibm.com/articles/15-factor-applications/
The 12 Factor app was created almost a decade ago and cloud technologies have advanced since their original creation. So 3 additional factors were added.
API first - If API is not clearly defined, it can be a nightmare in integration.
Telemetry - Real time app monitoring (performance, health, key metrics)
Authentication-Authorization - Secure cloud native application endpoints with role based access control (RBAC)
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